• IEEE 802.3ba 100GBASE-LR4 compliance guarantees interoperability with standards-compliant switches, routers, and transceivers from any vendor, eliminating vendor lock-in for 10km single-mode links
• Four-lane LAN WDM architecture at 1295.56nm, 1300.05nm, 1304.58nm, and 1309.14nm multiplexes 25Gbps NRZ signals into a single duplex fibre pair, maximising port density without requiring parallel fibre infrastructure
• Cooled electro-absorption modulated DFB laser transmitters paired with high-sensitivity PIN photodiode receivers maintain optical link budget of 6.6dB minimum, ensuring margin for patch panel loss and fibre ageing
• Hot-swappable QSFP28 MSA form factor allows field installation and replacement without powering down the host platform, supporting zero-downtime maintenance procedures
• DDM functionality exposes transmit/receive optical power, module temperature, laser bias current, and supply voltage in real time, enabling proactive link health monitoring and troubleshooting without external test equipment
• Commercial temperature range (0 to 70°C) suits controlled data centre and enterprise network environments; does not employ FEC, relying on raw BER performance per IEEE 802.3ba specification
• Duplex LC/UPC connector interface compatible with existing G.652 single-mode fibre cabling plants deployed for 10G and 40G networks, enabling in-place migration to 100G without re-cabling