• IEEE 802.3cd 100GBASE-LR compliance guarantees electrical and optical interoperability with 100G single-lambda infrastructure and breakout compatibility with 400GBASE-LR4 at one wavelength per 100G channel
• Single-lambda architecture with PAM4 modulation and onboard DSP performs 4x25G NRZ to 1x100G PAM4 conversion, reducing fibre count to one duplex pair compared to parallel 4-wavelength solutions
• Integrated forward error correction (FEC) enables 10km reach over standard G.652 single-mode fibre within typical link budgets, subject to actual fibre loss and splice conditions
• Hot-swappable QSFP28 MSA form factor allows field installation and replacement without powering down the host system or interrupting adjacent ports
• Digital optical monitoring via I2C provides real-time access to transmit and receive optical power, module temperature, laser bias current, and supply voltage for link diagnostics and threshold alarming
• Cooled EML laser transmitter and linear receiver maintain stable performance across the commercial temperature range while meeting eye mask and TDECQ specifications for 100G PAM4 signaling
• Duplex LC/UPC connector interface integrates with existing single-mode cabling infrastructure, offering simpler breakout and patching compared to parallel-fibre MPO solutions